1/*  Part of SWI-Prolog
    2
    3    Author:        Jan Wielemaker
    4    E-mail:        J.Wielemaker@vu.nl
    5    WWW:           http://www.swi-prolog.org
    6    Copyright (c)  2018, VU University Amsterdam
    7			 CWI, Amsterdam
    8    All rights reserved.
    9
   10    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   11    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   12    are met:
   13
   14    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   15       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   16
   17    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   18       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
   19       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
   20       distribution.
   21
   22    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
   23    "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
   24    LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
   25    FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   26    COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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   34*/
   35
   36:- module(rdf_prefixes,
   37          [ rdf_prefix/2,               % :Alias, +URI
   38            rdf_current_prefix/2,       % :Alias, ?URI
   39            rdf_register_prefix/2,      % +Alias, +URI
   40            rdf_register_prefix/3,      % +Alias, +URI, +Options
   41            rdf_unregister_prefix/1,    % +Alias
   42            register_file_prefixes/1,   % +Pairs
   43
   44            rdf_current_ns/2,           % :Alias, ?URI
   45            rdf_register_ns/2,          % +Alias, +URI
   46            rdf_register_ns/3,          % +Alias, +URI, +Options
   47            rdf_global_id/2,            % ?NS:Name, :Global
   48            rdf_global_object/2,        % +Object, :NSExpandedObject
   49            rdf_global_term/2,          % +Term, :WithExpandedNS
   50
   51            (rdf_meta)/1,               % +Heads
   52            op(1150, fx, (rdf_meta))
   53          ]).   54:- autoload(library(error),[must_be/2,existence_error/2]).   55:- autoload(library(lists),[member/2]).   56:- autoload(library(option),[option/3]).   57:- autoload(library(pairs),[map_list_to_pairs/3,pairs_values/2]).   58
   59:- meta_predicate
   60    rdf_current_prefix(:, -),
   61    rdf_current_ns(:, -),
   62    rdf_global_id(?, :),
   63    rdf_global_term(+, :),
   64    rdf_global_object(+, :).

   74:- predicate_options(rdf_register_ns/3, 3,
   75                     [ force(boolean),
   76                       keep(boolean)
   77                     ]).   78:- predicate_options(rdf_register_prefix/3, 3,
   79                     [ force(boolean),
   80                       keep(boolean)
   81                     ]).   82
   83
   84		 /*******************************
   85		 *            HOOKS		*
   86		 *******************************/

 rdf_empty_prefix_cache(+Alias, +URI)

Multifile hook called if the binding Alias -> URI is modified. May be used to update derived caches.

   93:- multifile
   94    rdf_empty_prefix_cache/2.   95
   96% the ns/2 predicate is historically  defined   in  `rdf_db`. We'll keep
   97% that for compatibility reasons.
   98:- multifile rdf_db:ns/2.   99:- dynamic   rdf_db:ns/2.               % ID, URL

 rdf_current_prefix(:Alias, ?URI) is nondet

Query predefined prefixes and prefixes defined with rdf_register_prefix/2 and local prefixes defined with rdf_prefix/2. If Alias is unbound and one URI is the prefix of another, the longest is returned first. This allows turning a resource into a prefix/local couple using the simple enumeration below. See rdf_global_id/2.

rdf_current_prefix(Prefix, Expansion),
atom_concat(Expansion, Local, URI),

  115rdf_current_prefix(Module:Alias, URI) :-
  116    nonvar(Alias),
  117    !,
  118    rdf_current_prefix(Module, Alias, URI),
  119    !.
  120rdf_current_prefix(Module:Alias, URI) :-
  121    rdf_current_prefix(Module, Alias, URI).
  122
  123rdf_current_prefix(system, Alias, URI) :-
  124    !,
  125    rdf_db:ns(Alias, URI).
  126rdf_current_prefix(Module, Alias, URI) :-
  127    default_module(Module, M),
  128    (   M == system
  129    ->  rdf_db:ns(Alias, URI)
  130    ;   '$flushed_predicate'(M:'rdf prefix'(_,_)),
  131        call(M:'rdf prefix'(Alias,URI))
  132    ).

 rdf_prefix(:Alias, +URI) is det

Register a local prefix. This declaration takes precedence over globally defined prefixes using rdf_register_prefix/2,3. Module local prefixes are notably required to deal with SWISH, where users need to be able to have independent namespace declarations.

  142rdf_prefix(Alias, URI) :-
  143    throw(error(context_error(nodirective, rdf_prefix(Alias, URI)), _)).
  144
  145system:term_expansion((:- rdf_prefix(AliasSpec, URI)), Clauses) :-
  146    prolog_load_context(module, Module),
  147    strip_module(Module:AliasSpec, TM, Alias),
  148    must_be(atom, Alias),
  149    must_be(atom, URI),
  150    (   rdf_current_prefix(TM:Alias, URI)
  151    ->  Clauses = []
  152    ;   TM == Module
  153    ->  Clauses = 'rdf prefix'(Alias, URI)
  154    ;   Clauses = TM:'rdf prefix'(Alias, URI)
  155    ).

 rdf_db:ns(?Alias, ?URI) is nondet

Dynamic and multifile predicate that maintains the registered namespace aliases.

deprecated

- New code must modify the namespace table using rdf_register_ns/3 and query using rdf_current_ns/2.

  165rdf_db:ns(dc,      'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/').
  166rdf_db:ns(dcterms, 'http://purl.org/dc/terms/').
  167rdf_db:ns(eor,     'http://dublincore.org/2000/03/13/eor#').
  168rdf_db:ns(foaf,    'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/').
  169rdf_db:ns(owl,     'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#').
  170rdf_db:ns(rdf,     'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#').
  171rdf_db:ns(rdfs,    'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#').
  172rdf_db:ns(serql,   'http://www.openrdf.org/schema/serql#').
  173rdf_db:ns(skos,    'http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#').
  174rdf_db:ns(void,    'http://rdfs.org/ns/void#').
  175rdf_db:ns(xsd,     'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#').

 rdf_register_prefix(+Prefix, +URI) is det

 rdf_register_prefix(+Prefix, +URI, +Options) is det

Register Prefix as an abbreviation for URI. Options:

force(Boolean)

If true, replace existing namespace alias. Please note that replacing a namespace is dangerous as namespaces affect preprocessing. Make sure all code that depends on a namespace is compiled after changing the registration.

keep(Boolean)

If true and Alias is already defined, keep the original binding for Prefix and succeed silently.

Without options, an attempt to redefine an alias raises a permission error.

Predefined prefixes are:

Alias	IRI prefix
dc	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
dcterms	http://purl.org/dc/terms/
eor	http://dublincore.org/2000/03/13/eor#
foaf	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
owl	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf	http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs	http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
serql	http://www.openrdf.org/schema/serql#
skos	http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
void	http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
xsd	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

  211rdf_register_prefix(Alias, URI) :-
  212    rdf_register_prefix(Alias, URI, []).
  213
  214rdf_register_prefix(Alias, URI, Options) :-
  215    must_be(atom, Alias),
  216    must_be(atom, URI),
  217    (   rdf_current_prefix(system:Alias, URI)
  218    ->  true
  219    ;   register_global_prefix(Alias, URI, Options)
  220    ).

 register_global_prefix(+Alias, +URI, +Options)

Register a global prefix.

  226register_global_prefix(Alias, URI, Options) :-
  227    rdf_db:ns(Alias, _),
  228    !,
  229    (   option(force(true), Options, false)
  230    ->  retractall(rdf_db:ns(Alias, _)),
  231        rdf_register_prefix(Alias, URI, Options),
  232        forall(rdf_empty_prefix_cache(Alias, URI), true)
  233    ;   option(keep(true), Options, false)
  234    ->  true
  235    ;   throw(error(permission_error(register, namespace, Alias),
  236                    context(_, 'Already defined')))
  237    ).
  238register_global_prefix(Alias, URI, _) :-
  239    findall(P-U, prefix_conflict(URI, P, U), Pairs),
  240    order_prefixes([Alias-URI|Pairs], Ordered),
  241    forall(member(P-U, Pairs), retract(rdf_db:ns(P,U))),
  242    forall(member(P-U, Ordered), assert(rdf_db:ns(P,U))).
  243
  244prefix_conflict(URI, P, U) :-
  245    rdf_db:ns(P,U),
  246    (   sub_atom(URI, 0, _, _, U)
  247    ->  true
  248    ;   sub_atom(U, 0, _, _, URI)
  249    ).
  250
  251order_prefixes(Pairs, Sorted) :-
  252    map_list_to_pairs(prefix_uri_length, Pairs, ByLen),
  253    sort(1, >=, ByLen, SortedByLen),
  254    pairs_values(SortedByLen, Sorted).
  255
  256prefix_uri_length(_-URI, Len) :-
  257    atom_length(URI, Len).

 rdf_unregister_prefix(+Alias) is det

Delete a prefix global registration.

  263rdf_unregister_prefix(Alias) :-
  264    must_be(atom, Alias),
  265    retractall(rdf_db:ns(Alias, _)).

 rdf_current_ns(:Prefix, ?URI) is nondet

deprecated

- Use rdf_current_prefix/2.

  272rdf_current_ns(Prefix, URI) :-
  273    rdf_current_prefix(Prefix, URI).

 rdf_register_ns(:Prefix, ?URI) is det

 rdf_register_ns(:Prefix, ?URI, +Options) is det

Register an RDF prefix.

deprecated

- Use rdf_register_prefix/2 or rdf_register_prefix/3.

  282rdf_register_ns(Prefix, URI) :-
  283    rdf_register_prefix(Prefix, URI).
  284rdf_register_ns(Prefix, URI, Options) :-
  285    rdf_register_prefix(Prefix, URI, Options).

 register_file_prefixes(+Map:list(pair)) is det

Register a namespace as encounted in the namespace list of an RDF document. We only register if both the abbreviation and URL are not already known. Is there a better way? This code could also do checks on the consistency of RDF and other well-known namespaces.

To be done

- Better error handling

  298register_file_prefixes([]) :- !.
  299register_file_prefixes([Decl|T]) :-
  300    !,
  301    register_file_prefixes(Decl),
  302    register_file_prefixes(T).
  303register_file_prefixes([]=_) :- !.      % xmlns= (overall default)
  304register_file_prefixes(NS=URL) :-       % compatibility
  305    !,
  306    register_file_prefixes(NS-URL).
  307register_file_prefixes(NS-URL) :-
  308    (   rdf_db:ns(NS, URL)
  309    ->  true
  310    ;   rdf_db:ns(NS, _)
  311    ->  true                            % redefined abbreviation
  312    ;   rdf_db:ns(_, URL)
  313    ->  true                            % redefined URL
  314    ;   rdf_register_prefix(NS, URL)
  315    ).

 rdf_global_id(?IRISpec, :IRI) is semidet

Convert between Prefix:Local and full IRI (an atom). If IRISpec is an atom, it is simply unified with IRI. This predicate fails silently if IRI is an RDF literal.

Note that this predicate is a meta-predicate on its output argument. This is necessary to get the module context while the first argument may be of the form (:)/2. The above mode description is correct, but should be interpreted as (?,?).

Errors

- existence_error(rdf_prefix, Prefix)

See also

- rdf_equal/2 provides a compile time alternative

- The rdf_meta/1 directive asks for compile time expansion of arguments.

bug

- Error handling is incomplete. In its current implementation the same code is used for compile-time expansion and to facilitate runtime conversion and checking. These use cases have different requirements.

  338rdf_global_id(Id, Module:Global) :-
  339    rdf_global_id(Id, Global, Module).
  340
  341rdf_global_id(NS:Local, Global, Module) :-
  342    global(NS, Local, Global, Module),
  343    !.
  344rdf_global_id(Global, Global, _).

 rdf_global_object(+Object, :GlobalObject) is semidet

rdf_global_object(-Object, :GlobalObject) is semidet

Same as rdf_global_id/2, but intended for dealing with the object part of a triple, in particular the type for typed literals. Note that the predicate is a meta-predicate on the output argument. This is necessary to get the module context while the first argument may be of the form (:)/2.

Errors

- existence_error(rdf_prefix, Prefix)

  358rdf_global_object(Object, Module:GlobalObject) :-
  359    rdf_global_object(Object, GlobalObject, Module).
  360
  361rdf_global_object(Var, Global, _M) :-
  362    var(Var),
  363    !,
  364    Global = Var.
  365rdf_global_object(Prefix:Local, Global, M) :-
  366    global(Prefix, Local, Global, M),
  367    !.
  368rdf_global_object(literal(type(Prefix:Local, Value)),
  369                  literal(type(Global, Value)), M) :-
  370    global(Prefix, Local, Global, M),
  371    !.
  372rdf_global_object(^^(Value,Prefix:Local),
  373                  ^^(Value,Global), M) :-
  374    global(Prefix, Local, Global, M),
  375    !.
  376rdf_global_object(literal(Query0, type(Prefix:Local, Value)),
  377                  literal(Query1, type(Global, Value)), M) :-
  378    global(Prefix, Local, Global, M),
  379    !,
  380    rdf_global_term(Query0, Query1, M).
  381rdf_global_object(literal(Query0, Value),
  382                  literal(Query1, Value), M) :-
  383    !,
  384    rdf_global_term(Query0, Query1, M).
  385rdf_global_object(Global, Global, _).
  386
  387global(Prefix, Local, Global, Module) :-
  388    (   atom(Global)
  389    ->  rdf_current_prefix(Module:Prefix, Full),
  390        atom_concat(Full, Local, Global)
  391    ;   atom(Prefix), atom(Local), var(Global)
  392    ->  (   rdf_current_prefix(Module:Prefix, Full)
  393        *-> atom_concat(Full, Local, Global)
  394        ;   current_prolog_flag(xref, true)
  395        ->  Global = Prefix:Local
  396        ;   existence_error(rdf_prefix, Prefix)
  397        )
  398    ).

 rdf_global_term(+TermIn, :GlobalTerm) is det

Performs rdf_global_id/2 on predixed IRIs and rdf_global_object/2 on RDF literals, by recursively analysing the term. Note that the predicate is a meta-predicate on the output argument. This is necessary to get the module context while the first argument may be of the form (:)/2.

Terms of the form Prefix:Local that appear in TermIn for which Prefix is not defined are not replaced. Unlike rdf_global_id/2 and rdf_global_object/2, no error is raised.

  413rdf_global_term(TermIn, Module:TermOut) :-
  414    rdf_global_term(TermIn, TermOut, Module).
  415
  416rdf_global_term(Var, Var, _M) :-
  417    var(Var),
  418    !.
  419rdf_global_term(Prefix:Local, Global, Module) :-
  420    atom(Prefix), atom(Local),
  421    rdf_current_prefix(Module:Prefix, Full),
  422    !,
  423    atom_concat(Full, Local, Global).
  424rdf_global_term([H0|T0], [H|T], M) :-
  425    !,
  426    rdf_global_term(H0, H, M),
  427    rdf_global_term(T0, T, M).
  428rdf_global_term(Term0, Term, M) :-
  429    compound(Term0),
  430    !,
  431    Term0 =.. [H|L0],
  432    rdf_global_term(L0, L, M),
  433    Term =.. [H|L].
  434rdf_global_term(Term, Term, _).

 rdf_global_graph(+TermIn, -GlobalTerm, +Module) is det

Preforms rdf_global_id/2 on rdf/4, etc graph arguments

  440rdf_global_graph(Prefix:Local, Global, Module) :-
  441    atom(Prefix), atom(Local),
  442    !,
  443    global(Prefix, Local, Global, Module).
  444rdf_global_graph(G, G, _).
  445
  446
  447                 /*******************************
  448                 *            EXPANSION         *
  449                 *******************************/
  450
  451:- multifile
  452    system:term_expansion/2,
  453    system:goal_expansion/2.  454
  455system:term_expansion((:- rdf_meta(Heads)), Clauses) :-
  456    prolog_load_context(module, M),
  457    phrase(mk_clauses(Heads, M), Clauses).
  458
  459mk_clauses((A,B), M) -->
  460    mk_clause(A, M),
  461    mk_clauses(B, M).
  462mk_clauses(A, M) -->
  463    mk_clause(A, M).
  464
  465mk_clause(Head0, M0) -->
  466    { strip_module(M0:Head0, Module, Head),
  467      valid_rdf_meta_head(Head),
  468      functor(Head, Name, Arity),
  469      functor(Unbound, Name, Arity),
  470      qualify(Module, 'rdf meta specification'/2, Decl)
  471    },
  472    [ (:- multifile(Decl)),
  473      Module:'rdf meta specification'(Unbound, Head)
  474    ].
  475
  476qualify(Module, Decl, Decl) :-
  477    prolog_load_context(module, Module),
  478    !.
  479qualify(Module, Decl, Module:Decl).
  480
  481
  482valid_rdf_meta_head(Head) :-
  483    callable(Head),
  484    !,
  485    Head =.. [_|Args],
  486    valid_args(Args).
  487valid_rdf_meta_head(Head) :-
  488    throw(error(type_error(callable, Head), _)).
  489
  490valid_args([]).
  491valid_args([H|T]) :-
  492    valid_arg(H),
  493    !,
  494    valid_args(T).
  495
  496valid_arg(:).                           % meta argument
  497valid_arg(+).                           % non-var
  498valid_arg(-).                           % var
  499valid_arg(?).                           % either var or non-var
  500valid_arg(@).                           % not modified
  501valid_arg(r).                           % RDF resource
  502valid_arg(o).                           % RDF object
  503valid_arg(t).                           % term with RDF resources
  504valid_arg(g).                           % graph argument
  505valid_arg(A) :-
  506    throw(error(type_error(rdf_meta_argument, A), _)).

 rdf_meta(+Heads)

This directive defines the argument types of the named predicates, which will force compile time namespace expansion for these predicates. Heads is a coma-separated list of callable terms. Defined argument properties are:

:

Argument is a goal. The goal is processed using expand_goal/2, recursively applying goal transformation on the argument.

+

The argument is instantiated at entry. Nothing is changed.

-

The argument is not instantiated at entry. Nothing is changed.

?

The argument is unbound or instantiated at entry. Nothing is changed.

@

The argument is not changed.

r

The argument must be a resource. If it is a term prefix:local it is translated.

o

The argument is an object or resource. See rdf_global_object/2.

t

The argument is a term that must be translated. Expansion will translate all occurences of prefix:local appearing anywhere in the term. See rdf_global_term/2.

As it is subject to term_expansion/2, the rdf_meta/1 declaration can only be used as a directive. The directive must be processed before the definition of the predicates as well as before compiling code that uses the rdf meta-predicates. The atom rdf_meta is declared as an operator exported from library(semweb/rdf_db). Files using rdf_meta/1 must explicitely load this library.

Beginning with SWI-Prolog 7.3.17, the low-level RDF interface (rdf/3, rdf_assert/3, etc.) perform runtime expansion of Prefix:Local terms. This eliminates the need for rdf_meta/1 for simple cases. However, runtime expansion comes at a significant overhead and having two representations for IRIs (a plain atom and a term Prefix:Local) implies that simple operations such as comparison of IRIs no longer map to native Prolog operations such as IRI1 == IRI2.

  562rdf_meta(Heads) :-
  563    throw(error(context_error(nodirective, rdf_meta(Heads)), _)).

 rdf_meta_specification(+General, +Module, -Spec) is semidet

True when Spec is the RDF meta specification for Module:General.

Arguments:

General

- is the term Spec with all arguments replaced with variables.

  572rdf_meta_specification(Unbounded, Module, Spec) :-
  573    '$flushed_predicate'(Module:'rdf meta specification'(_,_)),
  574    call(Module:'rdf meta specification'(Unbounded, Spec)).
  575
  576system:goal_expansion(G, Expanded) :-
  577    \+ predicate_property(G, iso),
  578    prolog_load_context(module, LM),
  579    predicate_property(LM:G, implementation_module(IM)),
  580    rdf_meta_specification(G, IM, Spec),
  581    rdf_expand(G, Spec, Expanded, LM).
  582
  583system:term_expansion(Module:Fact, Expanded) :-
  584    atom(Module),
  585    rdf_meta_specification(Fact, Module, Spec),
  586    rdf_expand(Fact, Spec, ExpandedFact, Module),
  587    Fact \== ExpandedFact,
  588    Expanded = (Module:ExpandedFact).
  589system:term_expansion(Fact, Expanded) :-
  590    prolog_load_context(module, Module),
  591    rdf_meta_specification(Fact, Module, Spec),
  592    rdf_expand(Fact, Spec, Expanded, Module),
  593    Fact \== Expanded.
  594system:term_expansion((Module:Head :- Body), (Expanded :- Body)) :-
  595    atom(Module),
  596    rdf_meta_specification(Head, Module, Spec),
  597    rdf_expand(Head, Spec, ExpandedHead, Module),
  598    Head \== ExpandedHead,
  599    Expanded = (Module:ExpandedHead).
  600system:term_expansion((Head :- Body), (Expanded :- Body)) :-
  601    prolog_load_context(module, Module),
  602    rdf_meta_specification(Head, Module, Spec),
  603    rdf_expand(Head, Spec, Expanded, Module),
  604    Head \== Expanded.
  605
  606rdf_expand(G, Spec, Expanded, M) :-
  607    functor(G, Name, Arity),
  608    functor(Expanded, Name, Arity),
  609    rdf_expand_args(0, Arity, G, Spec, Expanded, M).
  610
  611rdf_expand_args(Arity, Arity, _, _, _, _) :- !.
  612rdf_expand_args(I0, Arity, Goal, Spec, Expanded, M) :-
  613    I is I0 + 1,
  614    arg(I, Goal, GA),
  615    arg(I, Spec, SA),
  616    arg(I, Expanded, EA),
  617    rdf_expand_arg(SA, GA, EA, M),
  618    rdf_expand_args(I, Arity, Goal, Spec, Expanded, M).
  619
  620rdf_expand_arg(r, A, E, M) :-
  621    mk_global(A, E, M),
  622    !.
  623rdf_expand_arg(o, A, E, M) :-
  624    rdf_global_object(A, E, M),
  625    !.
  626rdf_expand_arg(t, A, E, M) :-
  627    rdf_global_term(A, E, M),
  628    !.
  629rdf_expand_arg(g, A, E, M) :-
  630    rdf_global_graph(A, E, M),
  631    !.
  632rdf_expand_arg(:, A, E, _M) :-
  633    !,
  634    expand_goal(A, E).
  635rdf_expand_arg(_, A, A, _M).

 mk_global(+Src, -Resource, +Module)

Realised rdf_global_id(+, -), but adds compiletime checking, notably to see whether a namespace is not yet defined.

  642mk_global(X, X, _) :-
  643    var(X),
  644    !.
  645mk_global(X, X, _) :-
  646    atom(X),
  647    !.
  648mk_global(Prefix:Local, Global, Module) :-
  649    must_be(atom, Prefix),
  650    must_be(atom, Local),
  651    (   rdf_current_prefix(Module:Prefix, Full)
  652    ->  atom_concat(Full, Local, Global)
  653    ;   current_prolog_flag(xref, true)
  654    ->  Global = Prefix:Local
  655    ;   existence_error(rdf_prefix, Prefix)
  656    )