/* Part of SWI-Prolog Author: Jan Wielemaker E-mail: J.Wielemaker@vu.nl WWW: http://www.swi-prolog.org Copyright (c) 2010-2013, University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ :- module(git, [ git/2, % +Argv, +Options git_process_output/3, % +Argv, :OnOutput, +Options git_open_file/4, % +Dir, +File, +Branch, -Stream is_git_directory/1, % +Dir git_describe/2, % -Version, +Options git_hash/2, % -Hash, +Options git_ls_tree/2, % -Content, +Options git_remote_url/3, % +Remote, -URL, +Options git_ls_remote/3, % +GitURL, -Refs, +Options git_branches/2, % -Branches, +Options git_remote_branches/2, % +GitURL, -Branches git_default_branch/2, % -DefaultBranch, +Options git_tags_on_branch/3, % +Dir, +Branch, -Tags git_shortlog/3, % +Dir, -Shortlog, +Options git_log_data/3, % +Field, +Record, -Value git_show/4, % +Dir, +Hash, -Commit, +Options git_commit_data/3 % +Field, +Record, -Value ]). :- use_module(library(record),[(record)/1,current_record/2, op(_,_,record)]). :- autoload(library(apply),[maplist/3]). :- autoload(library(error),[must_be/2,existence_error/2]). :- autoload(library(filesex), [directory_file_path/3,relative_file_name/3]). :- autoload(library(lists),[append/3,member/2,append/2]). :- autoload(library(option),[option/2,option/3,select_option/3]). :- autoload(library(process),[process_create/3,process_wait/2]). :- autoload(library(readutil), [ read_stream_to_codes/3, read_line_to_codes/2, read_stream_to_codes/2 ]). :- autoload(library(dcg/basics), [string//1,whites//0,string_without//2,blanks//0]). :- meta_predicate git_process_output(+, 1, +). /** Run GIT commands This module performs common GIT tasks by calling git as a remote process through process_create/3. It requires that the =git= executable is in the current PATH. This module started life in ClioPatria and has been used by the Prolog web-server to provide information on git repositories. It is now moved into the core Prolog library to support the Prolog package manager. */ :- predicate_options(git/2, 2, [ directory(atom), error(-codes), output(-codes), status(-any), askpass(any) ]). :- predicate_options(git_default_branch/2, 2, [ pass_to(git_process_output/3, 3) ] ). :- predicate_options(git_describe/2, 2, [ commit(atom), directory(atom), match(atom) ]). :- predicate_options(git_hash/2, 2, [ commit(atom), directory(atom) ]). :- predicate_options(git_ls_tree/2, 2, [ commit(atom), directory(atom) ]). :- predicate_options(git_process_output/3, 3, [ directory(atom), askpass(any), error(-codes) ]). :- predicate_options(git_remote_url/3, 3, [ pass_to(git_process_output/3, 3) ]). :- predicate_options(git_shortlog/3, 3, [ revisions(atom), limit(nonneg), path(atom) ]). :- predicate_options(git_show/4, 4, [ diff(oneof([patch,stat])) ]). %! git(+Argv, +Options) is det. % % Run a GIT command. Defined options: % % * directory(+Dir) % Execute in the given directory % * output(-Out) % Unify Out with a list of codes representing stdout of the % command. Otherwise the output is handed to print_message/2 % with level =informational=. % * error(-Error) % As output(Out), but messages are printed at level =error=. % * askpass(+Program) % Export GIT_ASKPASS=Program git(Argv, Options) :- git_cwd_options(Argv, Argv1, Options), env_options(Extra, Options), setup_call_cleanup( process_create(path(git), Argv1, [ stdout(pipe(Out)), stderr(pipe(Error)), process(PID) | Extra ]), call_cleanup( ( read_stream_to_codes(Out, OutCodes, []), read_stream_to_codes(Error, ErrorCodes, []) ), process_wait(PID, Status)), close_streams([Out,Error])), print_error(ErrorCodes, Options), print_output(OutCodes, Options), ( option(status(Status0), Options) -> Status = Status0 ; Status == exit(0) -> true ; throw(error(process_error(git(Argv), Status), _)) ). git_cwd_options(Argv0, Argv, Options) :- option(directory(Dir), Options), !, Argv = ['-C', file(Dir) | Argv0 ]. git_cwd_options(Argv, Argv, _). env_options([env(['GIT_ASKPASS'=Program])], Options) :- option(askpass(Exe), Options), !, exe_options(ExeOptions), absolute_file_name(Exe, PlProg, ExeOptions), prolog_to_os_filename(PlProg, Program). env_options([], _). exe_options(Options) :- current_prolog_flag(windows, true), !, Options = [ extensions(['',exe,com]), access(read) ]. exe_options(Options) :- Options = [ access(execute) ]. print_output(OutCodes, Options) :- option(output(Codes), Options), !, Codes = OutCodes. print_output([], _) :- !. print_output(OutCodes, _) :- print_message(informational, git(output(OutCodes))). print_error(OutCodes, Options) :- option(error(Codes), Options), !, Codes = OutCodes. print_error([], _) :- !. print_error(OutCodes, _) :- phrase(classify_message(Level), OutCodes, _), print_message(Level, git(output(OutCodes))). classify_message(error) --> string(_), "fatal:", !. classify_message(error) --> string(_), "error:", !. classify_message(warning) --> string(_), "warning:", !. classify_message(informational) --> []. %! close_streams(+Streams:list) is det. % % Close a list of streams, throwing the first error if some stream % failed to close. close_streams(List) :- phrase(close_streams(List), Errors), ( Errors = [Error|_] -> throw(Error) ; true ). close_streams([H|T]) --> { catch(close(H), E, true) }, ( { var(E) } -> [] ; [E] ), close_streams(T). %! git_process_output(+Argv, :OnOutput, +Options) is det. % % Run a git-command and process the output with OnOutput, which is % called as call(OnOutput, Stream). git_process_output(Argv, OnOutput, Options) :- git_cwd_options(Argv, Argv1, Options), env_options(Extra, Options), setup_call_cleanup( process_create(path(git), Argv1, [ stdout(pipe(Out)), stderr(pipe(Error)), process(PID) | Extra ]), call_cleanup( ( call(OnOutput, Out), read_stream_to_codes(Error, ErrorCodes, []) ), git_wait(PID, Out, Status)), close_streams([Out,Error])), print_error(ErrorCodes, Options), ( Status = exit(0) -> true ; throw(error(process_error(git, Status))) ). git_wait(PID, Out, Status) :- at_end_of_stream(Out), !, process_wait(PID, Status). git_wait(PID, Out, Status) :- setup_call_cleanup( open_null_stream(Null), copy_stream_data(Out, Null), close(Null)), process_wait(PID, Status). %! git_open_file(+GitRepoDir, +File, +Branch, -Stream) is det. % % Open the file File in the given bare GIT repository on the given % branch (treeisch). % % @bug We cannot tell whether opening failed for some reason. git_open_file(Dir, File, Branch, In) :- atomic_list_concat([Branch, :, File], Ref), process_create(path(git), [ '-C', file(Dir), show, Ref ], [ stdout(pipe(In)) ]), set_stream(In, file_name(File)). %! is_git_directory(+Directory) is semidet. % % True if Directory is a git directory (Either checked out or % bare). is_git_directory(Directory) :- directory_file_path(Directory, '.git', GitDir), exists_directory(GitDir), !. is_git_directory(Directory) :- exists_directory(Directory), git(['rev-parse', '--git-dir'], [ output(Codes), error(_), status(Status), directory(Directory) ]), Status == exit(0), string_codes(GitDir0, Codes), split_string(GitDir0, "", " \n", [GitDir]), sub_string(GitDir, B, _, A, "/.git/modules/"), !, sub_string(GitDir, 0, B, _, Main), sub_string(GitDir, _, A, 0, Below), directory_file_path(Main, Below, Dir), same_file(Dir, Directory). %! git_describe(-Version, +Options) is semidet. % % Describe the running version based on GIT tags and hashes. % Options: % % * match(+Pattern) % Only use tags that match Pattern (a Unix glob-pattern; e.g. % =|V*|=) % * directory(Dir) % Provide the version-info for a directory that is part of % a GIT-repository. % * commit(+Commit) % Describe Commit rather than =HEAD= % % @see git describe git_describe(Version, Options) :- ( option(match(Pattern), Options) -> true ; git_version_pattern(Pattern) ), ( option(commit(Commit), Options) -> Extra = [Commit] ; Extra = [] ), option(directory(Dir), Options, .), setup_call_cleanup( process_create(path(git), [ 'describe', '--match', Pattern | Extra ], [ stdout(pipe(Out)), stderr(null), process(PID), cwd(Dir) ]), call_cleanup( read_stream_to_codes(Out, V0, []), git_wait(PID, Out, Status)), close(Out)), Status = exit(0), !, atom_codes(V1, V0), normalize_space(atom(Plain), V1), ( git_is_clean(Dir) -> Version = Plain ; atom_concat(Plain, '-DIRTY', Version) ). git_describe(Version, Options) :- option(directory(Dir), Options, .), option(commit(Commit), Options, 'HEAD'), setup_call_cleanup( process_create(path(git), [ 'rev-parse', '--short', Commit ], [ stdout(pipe(Out)), stderr(null), process(PID), cwd(Dir) ]), call_cleanup( read_stream_to_codes(Out, V0, []), git_wait(PID, Out, Status)), close(Out)), Status = exit(0), atom_codes(V1, V0), normalize_space(atom(Plain), V1), ( git_is_clean(Dir) -> Version = Plain ; atom_concat(Plain, '-DIRTY', Version) ). :- multifile git_version_pattern/1. git_version_pattern('V*'). git_version_pattern('*'). %! git_is_clean(+Dir) is semidet. % % True if the given directory is in a git module and this module % is clean. To us, clean only implies that =|git diff|= produces % no output. git_is_clean(Dir) :- setup_call_cleanup(process_create(path(git), ['diff', '--stat'], [ stdout(pipe(Out)), stderr(null), cwd(Dir) ]), stream_char_count(Out, Count), close(Out)), Count == 0. stream_char_count(Out, Count) :- setup_call_cleanup(open_null_stream(Null), ( copy_stream_data(Out, Null), character_count(Null, Count) ), close(Null)). %! git_hash(-Hash, +Options) is det. % % Return the hash of the indicated object. git_hash(Hash, Options) :- option(commit(Commit), Options, 'HEAD'), git_process_output(['rev-parse', '--verify', Commit], read_hash(Hash), Options). read_hash(Hash, Stream) :- read_line_to_codes(Stream, Line), atom_codes(Hash, Line). %! git_ls_tree(-Entries, +Options) is det. % % True when Entries is a list of entries in the the GIT % repository, Each entry is a term: % % == % object(Mode, Type, Hash, Size, Name) % == git_ls_tree(Entries, Options) :- option(commit(Commit), Options, 'HEAD'), git_process_output(['ls-tree', '-z', '-r', '-l', Commit], read_tree(Entries), Options). read_tree(Entries, Stream) :- read_stream_to_codes(Stream, Codes), phrase(ls_tree(Entries), Codes). ls_tree([H|T]) --> ls_entry(H), !, ls_tree(T). ls_tree([]) --> []. ls_entry(object(Mode, Type, Hash, Size, Name)) --> string(MS), " ", string(TS), " ", string(HS), " ", string(SS), "\t", string(NS), [0], !, { number_codes(Mode, [0'0,0'o|MS]), atom_codes(Type, TS), atom_codes(Hash, HS), ( Type == blob -> number_codes(Size, SS) ; Size = 0 % actually '-', but 0 sums easier ), atom_codes(Name, NS) }. %! git_remote_url(+Remote, -URL, +Options) is det. % % URL is the remote (fetch) URL for the given Remote. git_remote_url(Remote, URL, Options) :- git_process_output([remote, show, Remote], read_url("Fetch URL:", URL), Options). read_url(Tag, URL, In) :- repeat, read_line_to_codes(In, Line), ( Line == end_of_file -> !, fail ; phrase(url_codes(Tag, Codes), Line) -> !, atom_codes(URL, Codes) ). url_codes(Tag, Rest) --> { string_codes(Tag, TagCodes) }, whites, string(TagCodes), whites, string(Rest). %! git_ls_remote(+GitURL, -Refs, +Options) is det. % % Execute =|git ls-remote|= against the remote repository to fetch % references from the remote. Options processed: % % * heads(Boolean) % * tags(Boolean) % * refs(List) % % For example, to find the hash of the remote =HEAD=, one can use % % == % ?- git_ls_remote('git://www.swi-prolog.org/home/pl/git/pl-devel.git', % Refs, [refs(['HEAD'])]). % Refs = ['5d596c52aa969d88e7959f86327f5c7ff23695f3'-'HEAD']. % == % % @param Refs is a list of pairs hash-name. git_ls_remote(GitURL, Refs, Options) :- findall(O, ls_remote_option(Options, O), RemoteOptions), option(refs(LimitRefs), Options, []), must_be(list(atom), LimitRefs), append([ 'ls-remote' | RemoteOptions], [GitURL|LimitRefs], Argv), git_process_output(Argv, remote_refs(Refs), []). ls_remote_option(Options, '--heads') :- option(heads(true), Options). ls_remote_option(Options, '--tags') :- option(tags(true), Options). remote_refs(Refs, Out) :- read_line_to_codes(Out, Line0), remote_refs(Line0, Out, Refs). remote_refs(end_of_file, _, []) :- !. remote_refs(Line, Out, [Hash-Ref|Tail]) :- phrase(remote_ref(Hash,Ref), Line), read_line_to_codes(Out, Line1), remote_refs(Line1, Out, Tail). remote_ref(Hash, Ref) --> string_without("\t ", HashCodes), whites, string_without("\t ", RefCodes), { atom_codes(Hash, HashCodes), atom_codes(Ref, RefCodes) }. %! git_remote_branches(+GitURL, -Branches) is det. % % Exploit git_ls_remote/3 to fetch the branches from a remote % repository without downloading it. git_remote_branches(GitURL, Branches) :- git_ls_remote(GitURL, Refs, [heads(true)]), findall(B, (member(_-Head, Refs), atom_concat('refs/heads/', B, Head)), Branches). %! git_default_branch(-BranchName, +Options) is det. % % True when BranchName is the default branch of a repository. git_default_branch(BranchName, Options) :- git_process_output([branch], read_default_branch(BranchName), Options). read_default_branch(BranchName, In) :- repeat, read_line_to_codes(In, Line), ( Line == end_of_file -> !, fail ; phrase(default_branch(Codes), Line) -> !, atom_codes(BranchName, Codes) ). default_branch(Rest) --> "*", whites, string(Rest). %! git_branches(-Branches, +Options) is det. % % True when Branches is the list of branches in the repository. % In addition to the usual options, this processes: % % - contains(Commit) % Return only branches that contain Commit. git_branches(Branches, Options) :- ( select_option(commit(Commit), Options, GitOptions) -> Extra = ['--contains', Commit] ; Extra = [], GitOptions = Options ), git_process_output([branch|Extra], read_branches(Branches), GitOptions). read_branches(Branches, In) :- read_line_to_codes(In, Line), ( Line == end_of_file -> Branches = [] ; Line = [_,_|Codes], atom_codes(H, Codes), Branches = [H|T], read_branches(T, In) ). %! git_tags_on_branch(+Dir, +Branch, -Tags) is det. % % Tags is a list of tags in Branch on the GIT repository Dir, most % recent tag first. % % @see Git tricks at http://mislav.uniqpath.com/2010/07/git-tips/ git_tags_on_branch(Dir, Branch, Tags) :- git_process_output([ log, '--oneline', '--decorate', Branch ], log_to_tags(Tags), [ directory(Dir) ]). log_to_tags(Tags, Out) :- read_line_to_codes(Out, Line0), log_to_tags(Line0, Out, Tags, []). log_to_tags(end_of_file, _, Tags, Tags) :- !. log_to_tags(Line, Out, Tags, Tail) :- phrase(tags_on_line(Tags, Tail1), Line), read_line_to_codes(Out, Line1), log_to_tags(Line1, Out, Tail1, Tail). tags_on_line(Tags, Tail) --> string_without(" ", _Hash), tags(Tags, Tail), skip_rest. tags(Tags, Tail) --> whites, "(", tag_list(Tags, Rest), !, tags(Rest, Tail). tags(Tags, Tags) --> skip_rest. tag_list([H|T], Rest) --> "tag:", !, whites, string(Codes), ( ")" -> { atom_codes(H, Codes), T = Rest } ; "," -> { atom_codes(H, Codes) }, whites, tag_list(T, Rest) ). tag_list(List, Rest) --> string(_), ( ")" -> { List = Rest } ; "," -> whites, tag_list(List, Rest) ). skip_rest(_,_). /******************************* * READ GIT HISTORY * *******************************/ %! git_shortlog(+Dir, -ShortLog, +Options) is det. % % Fetch information like the GitWeb change overview. Processed % options: % % * limit(+Count) % Maximum number of commits to show (default is 10) % * revisions(+Revisions) % Git revision specification % * path(+Path) % Only show commits that affect Path. Path is the path of % a checked out file. % * git_path(+Path) % Similar to =path=, but Path is relative to the repository. % % @param ShortLog is a list of =git_log= records. :- record git_log(commit_hash:atom, author_name:atom, author_date_relative:atom, committer_name:atom, committer_date_relative:atom, committer_date_unix:integer, subject:atom, ref_names:list). git_shortlog(Dir, ShortLog, Options) :- ( option(revisions(Range), Options) -> RangeSpec = [Range] ; option(limit(Limit), Options, 10), RangeSpec = ['-n', Limit] ), ( option(git_path(Path), Options) -> Extra = ['--', Path] ; option(path(Path), Options) -> relative_file_name(Path, Dir, RelPath), Extra = ['--', RelPath] ; Extra = [] ), git_format_string(git_log, Fields, Format), append([[log, Format], RangeSpec, Extra], GitArgv), git_process_output(GitArgv, read_git_formatted(git_log, Fields, ShortLog), [directory(Dir)]). read_git_formatted(Record, Fields, ShortLog, In) :- read_line_to_codes(In, Line0), read_git_formatted(Line0, In, Record, Fields, ShortLog). read_git_formatted(end_of_file, _, _, _, []) :- !. read_git_formatted(Line, In, Record, Fields, [H|T]) :- record_from_line(Record, Fields, Line, H), read_line_to_codes(In, Line1), read_git_formatted(Line1, In, Record, Fields, T). record_from_line(RecordName, Fields, Line, Record) :- phrase(fields_from_line(Fields, Values), Line), Record =.. [RecordName|Values]. fields_from_line([], []) --> []. fields_from_line([F|FT], [V|VT]) --> to_nul_s(Codes), { field_to_prolog(F, Codes, V) }, fields_from_line(FT, VT). to_nul_s([]) --> [0], !. to_nul_s([H|T]) --> [H], to_nul_s(T). field_to_prolog(ref_names, Line, List) :- phrase(ref_names(List), Line), !. field_to_prolog(committer_date_unix, Line, Stamp) :- !, number_codes(Stamp, Line). field_to_prolog(_, Line, Atom) :- atom_codes(Atom, Line). ref_names([]) --> []. ref_names(List) --> blanks, "(", ref_name_list(List), ")". ref_name_list([H|T]) --> string_without(",)", Codes), { atom_codes(H, Codes) }, ( ",", blanks -> ref_name_list(T) ; {T=[]} ). %! git_show(+Dir, +Hash, -Commit, +Options) is det. % % Fetch info from a GIT commit. Options processed: % % * diff(Diff) % GIT option on how to format diffs. E.g. =stat= % * max_lines(Count) % Truncate the body at Count lines. % % @param Commit is a term git_commit(...)-Body. Body is currently % a list of lines, each line represented as a list of % codes. :- record git_commit(tree_hash:atom, parent_hashes:list, author_name:atom, author_date:atom, committer_name:atom, committer_date:atom, subject:atom). git_show(Dir, Hash, Commit, Options) :- git_format_string(git_commit, Fields, Format), option(diff(Diff), Options, patch), diff_arg(Diff, DiffArg), git_process_output([ show, DiffArg, Hash, Format ], read_commit(Fields, Commit, Options), [directory(Dir)]). diff_arg(patch, '-p'). diff_arg(stat, '--stat'). read_commit(Fields, Data-Body, Options, In) :- read_line_to_codes(In, Line1), record_from_line(git_commit, Fields, Line1, Data), read_line_to_codes(In, Line2), ( Line2 == [] -> option(max_lines(Max), Options, -1), read_n_lines(In, Max, Body) ; Line2 == end_of_file -> Body = [] ). read_n_lines(In, Max, Lines) :- read_line_to_codes(In, Line1), read_n_lines(Line1, Max, In, Lines). read_n_lines(end_of_file, _, _, []) :- !. read_n_lines(_, 0, In, []) :- !, setup_call_cleanup(open_null_stream(Out), copy_stream_data(In, Out), close(Out)). read_n_lines(Line, Max0, In, [Line|More]) :- read_line_to_codes(In, Line2), Max is Max0-1, read_n_lines(Line2, Max, In, More). %! git_format_string(:Record, -FieldNames, -Format) % % If Record is a record with fields whose names match the GIT % format field-names, Format is a git =|--format=|= argument with % the appropriate format-specifiers, terminated by %x00, which % causes the actual field to be 0-terminated. :- meta_predicate git_format_string(:, -, -). git_format_string(M:RecordName, Fields, Format) :- current_record(RecordName, M:Term), findall(F, record_field(Term, F), Fields), maplist(git_field_format, Fields, Formats), atomic_list_concat(['--format='|Formats], Format). record_field(Term, Name) :- arg(_, Term, Field), field_name(Field, Name). field_name(Name:_Type=_Default, Name) :- !. field_name(Name:_Type, Name) :- !. field_name(Name=_Default, Name) :- !. field_name(Name, Name). git_field_format(Field, Fmt) :- ( git_format(NoPercent, Field) -> atomic_list_concat(['%', NoPercent, '%x00'], Fmt) ; existence_error(git_format, Field) ). git_format('H', commit_hash). git_format('h', abbreviated_commit_hash). git_format('T', tree_hash). git_format('t', abbreviated_tree_hash). git_format('P', parent_hashes). git_format('p', abbreviated_parent_hashes). git_format('an', author_name). git_format('aN', author_name_mailcap). git_format('ae', author_email). git_format('aE', author_email_mailcap). git_format('ad', author_date). git_format('aD', author_date_rfc2822). git_format('ar', author_date_relative). git_format('at', author_date_unix). git_format('ai', author_date_iso8601). git_format('cn', committer_name). git_format('cN', committer_name_mailcap). git_format('ce', committer_email). git_format('cE', committer_email_mailcap). git_format('cd', committer_date). git_format('cD', committer_date_rfc2822). git_format('cr', committer_date_relative). git_format('ct', committer_date_unix). git_format('ci', committer_date_iso8601). git_format('d', ref_names). % git log? git_format('e', encoding). % git log? git_format('s', subject). git_format('f', subject_sanitized). git_format('b', body). git_format('N', notes). git_format('gD', reflog_selector). git_format('gd', shortened_reflog_selector). git_format('gs', reflog_subject). /******************************* * MESSAGES * *******************************/ :- multifile prolog:message//1. prolog:message(git(output(Codes))) --> { split_lines(Codes, Lines) }, git_lines(Lines). git_lines([]) --> []. git_lines([H|T]) --> [ '~s'-[H] ], ( {T==[]} -> [] ; [nl], git_lines(T) ). split_lines([], []) :- !. split_lines(All, [Line1|More]) :- append(Line1, [0'\n|Rest], All), !, split_lines(Rest, More). split_lines(Line, [Line]).